DEFINITION
Sunburn is the clinical outcome of the contact or exposure of body heat. Burns has multiple causes, being commonly of accidental origin, work and home, especially in children.
Burns can be caused by fire, hot liquids, caustic (chemicals), electricity and sun.
A quick and successful action before a burn can save your life and in other cases, improve the prognosis and healing time of thermal trauma. Knowing well the etiology and pathophysiology of the burn can be able to make preventive treatment of multiple complications and consequences that can occur in these patients.
ASSESSMENT AND GRADING:
Is performed based on two parameters: Extent of burned surface area and degree of depth of the burn.
1. EXTENSION:
It is the first factor to consider in assessing the severity of a burn. To calculate it, is used as the simplest rule of nine of Wallace, which is divided by body surface in adults in 11 areas, each of which is 9%, or a multiple of nine percent, compared total body surface area. Thus estimates of the NEXT way: (In children the ratio is different)
You can help at certain times, to know that the palm represents 1% of the total body surface.
2. DEPTH:
Directly related to the temperature of the agent and the duration of contact. We can classify burns according to depth, in three types:
First grade: very shallow, only destroys the epidermis and is expressed typically by erythema (reddening) that blanches on pressure, painful and not associated with evidence of tearing of the skin or blistering.
Second grade: destroy the epidermis and varying thickness of the dermis, are subdivided into two grades, superficial or deep. His appearance is pink or red, with presence of plasma content vesiculation (blisters) and tend to a spontaneous epithelization. They are painful.
Third grade: they destroy the entire thickness of the skin and, unless they are very small, have no possibility of spontaneous epithelization. He looks pale and appreciate coagulates small vessels, the skin is charred. They are painless and do not fade under pressure.
FIRST AID AT THE POINT OF THE BURN
First grade
1). Refreshes the burn with water at a temperature of between 10 and 20 degrees Celsius.
2). Drink plenty of fluids or if this is extensive case of those produced by the sun during the summer.
3). Observation
Second grade
1). Danger of infection or if the blister bursts to become a gateway for microorganisms.
2). Always wash the affected area with water for at least 5 minutes,
3). Later, depending on the state of the blisters act in one way or another:
4). Blister intact: put antiseptic on it and cover with clean cloth or sterile gauze.
5). Ampoule broken: treat as a wound. Wash your hands, apply antiseptic, clean cut with scissors (preferably sterile) and dead skin with antiseptic impregnated again.
6). Put a tape or bandage to prevent pain and infection.
7). Ratings care and observation.
Third grade
1). Extinguish the flames of the casualty, which is handy blankets, ground, or throwing himself on the ground and roll
2). Wash off with water for at least 5 minutes
3). NOT remove the remains of clothes
4). DO NOT break blisters appear
5). NO to any ointments
6). Wrap the affected part with a clean cloth, towels or blankets, soaked in serum, hydrogen peroxide or water
7). Move the patient to a hospital emergency.
Tags: burns effects, burns first aid, burns grade, burns level, burns treatment, first aid, First Aid on Burns, skin dermis
